Doug to answer your question...
the only way the piece would get stuck in the PRV is accessed through the crank case. All oil from the head, galleys, and cylinders falls to the crank and then is sucked up. The galleys only go from the filter to the valves and cylinders and that oil is basically dropped off the piston, passed through the bearings and to the top of the engine. When the oil passes through the PRV it goes directly back in to the bottom end and eventually back in to the sump.
There are no non furrous parts in the oil pump except 1 washer. (Mentioned above). This is in good shape. If it weren't I think the bit of metal would be the least of my worries
. In the crank case there are a few non furrous bits (bearings, thrust washers, basically high friction spots) these looked good.
Oil falls from the top of the engine through the spots you mentioned, however there are large openings between the tappets. The top of the tappet is about 2" below the pushrod valve and there is a void there that can collect and disperse of oil (and grab tappets forcing you to remove the entire cylinder head). There are large enough for any that that could pass through the tappet valley/valve to easily pass. I'd say something as big as a 1/2" maybe even 9/16" nut could pass.