As far as valve protection goes, an increase in octane values has no effect one way or another on valve wear (other than the damage to all components caused by pinging). Lead was introduced many years ago to gasoline to prevent pinging damage to the then “modern” high compression engines. One claimed benefit of this added lead was increased protection of valves. The science of this is way above my pay grade, and still generates lots of discussions and confusion.
During the unleaded transition period, most refiners found other ways to boost octane without the use of lead (and now all have). Some though, like Union Oil, offered unleaded in low octane regular for new cars, and premium leaded for older ones. This confused the issue of what older cars truly needed, lead or high octane, which is really an apples and oranges discussion for most cars.
To further confuse the issue, the formula to compute octane values was changed at the same time, leading everyone to conclude that removing lead had resulted in only lower octane gas being available.
Confusing, heck yeah…which is why those of us with an old car addiction are still debating all this 50 years later!