Sure, you can do it. However, it may not last very long. If it is really an 83mm gasket, then part of the gasket will hang out inside the combustion chamber.
It's worth checking the gasket on the engine, though. I don't think anyone has actually made 83mm gaskets since the 60s; as the 87mm gasket works just fine with the smaller liners and tooling setups are really expensive. I've been using "TR3" gaskets with 87mm liners since about 1975 and they've all been large enough.