Something else to check is that the adapters are installed on the correct sides of the car. You should have two with left-hand threads and two with right-hand threads.
Normally, the wheels are self-tightening; but if the threads are on the wrong side, they will be self-loosening instead.
However, from the fact you can't get the adapter nuts off, my guess would be that they were what came loose and allowed the rotor to hit the road. The studs are all right-hand threads, which means the ones on the left side of the car tend to be self-loosening. Your car wouldn't be the first to lose a wheel that way! And the DPO probably over-tightened the nuts to be sure it didn't happen again.
(Hint: I was on my way to watch the Apollo-Soyuz launch when it happened to me.)
Even if you don't destroy the studs getting it off, I would check them carefully for thread distortion from over-tightening. Spin a new nut down them without the adapter; if it doesn't spin easily all the way to the bottom, replace the stud. My wire-wheel Stag had a lot of distorted studs when it came to me, likely for the same reason.