Geo Hahn said:
TR3driver said:
...But you have to watch out for undetected knock, as it can destroy your engine...
How does one watch out for that silent killer?
Would checking the advance with a timing light at high RPM be one way?
Yes - Limiting the maximum advance, (centrifugal plus initial, no vacuum) to 32 to 36 degrees at high rpm would be a safe method. In fact, the only practical method for most folks.
"Silent" detonation typically occurs at higher rpm & high loads where other engine noises mask the sound. As TR3 said, it can destroy an engine. The higher the compression ratio & the more radical the cam, the more likely this is to occur.
One of the confusing things is that distributor advance degrees & rpm are used to spec distributor characteristics & are 1/2 that of the engine settings.
Typically, full engine centrifugal advance plus initial advance (no vacuum) should be no more than 32 to 36 degrees total at the maximum centrifugal advance rpm, usually 4,000 to 4,500 rpm. Vacuum advance is only applied at lighter engine loads.
The exact number will depend on engine design, compression ratio, & fuel quality. Too much advance will give very little increase in power, so better to err on the lower side.
Many modified engines, especially with more radical cam timing, will give much better throttle response at lower rpm & or lighter loads with more than original designed advance at lower rpm. Typically 25 crankshaft degrees at 2,500 engine rpm. BUT the high rpm advance of 32 to 36 degrees still must not be exceeded.
Assume the original distributors max. design centrifugal advance was 26 degrees crankshaft (13 degrees marked on distributor cam arm) at 4,000 rpm & the initial timing were set to 15 degrees to obtain good throttle response (possibly 25 degrees advance) at 2,500 rpm. The maximum advance at 4,000 rpm would be 15 degrees initial plus 26 degrees centrifugal, or 41 degrees total. Unheard detonation, & engine damage, would be likely.
To get the desired lower rpm timing increase without exceeding the safe maximum, the centrifugal advance calibration is changed. Typically, the advance control springs would be changed to allow quicker advance to 25 degrees at 2,500 engine rpm, & the centrifugal advance stop changed to limit it to 32 to 36 degrees (engine) at it's maximum advance. ie. 15 degrees initial plus 18 degrees centrifugal (9 degrees marked on centrifugal stop) = 33 degrees total advance.
If you exceed this advance setting, carefully monitor sparkplug condition. Signs of high rpm detonation will be overheated plug electrodes. Or on worse cases, visibly melted electrodes. In this instance, it's likely that piston damage has already occurred.
Folks such as Jeff S. have the equipment, knowledge, & parts to tailor your centrifugal advance to an optimum but safe calibration. If you fill out his engine spec sheet, he can get things pretty close.
D