Ever since 1981, unions have had a tough time in this country. Beginning with the Regan administration, the federal government has taken a serious turn toward anti-labor policies.
Yes, during the prosperous times, in the '50s and '60s, unions tended to get what they wanted, and gained a reputation as hotbeds of corruption. That was then, this is now.
Union membership has dropped from 50% of the workforce, in the immediate postwar era, to about 12% now. This is largely doe to the adoption of so called "right to work" laws (known to labor as "right to fire"), and outsourcing of many skilled jobs to 3rd world countries.
If corporations like GM had done as they should, and put the money for employee benefits aside, when they had it, they would not find themselves in the situation we see now. For example:
1. the company and union negotiate a contract. As part of the negotiation accountants determine the future cost of the agreement. both sides settle on a reasonable level of benefits, that the company can afford, by putting money aside every year.
2. the money the company has set aside for future employee benefits goes into an account, and while there are few employees drawing on these benefits, the account grows quickly.
3. someone in the company says "that's a lot of money to have just lying around, lets loan that to ourselves, and pay it all back later"
4. after several such "loans" the company finds ways to reduce the amount it pays into the account in the first place, and has second thoughts about the "pay it back" part. Now, they have to pay the benefits out of their general operating budget, instead of the dedicated fund. Still not a problem, as long as few people need to take advantage of these benefits.
5. the problems start years later, when large numbers of people who worked for the company when the union negotiated the contract, start to retire. Now the company, which could have had a pool of money, to pay out these benefits, must reach into its pockets and pay back the "loans" it made from the retirement fund years ago.
So, can we call this the union's fault?
They negotiated the contract in good faith, and didn't demand anything the company could not provide, if the company acted wisely.
Do we blame the company for negotiating the contract?
They made plans to fund these benefits, in a way that would allow them to avoid all the out of pocket expenses down the road.
Personally, I blame the attitude that has prevailed in the "business community" for the last 25 years or so. That a company has no obligation other than to make profit, and that they can lie, cheat, steal, and injure, in order to do so.