I have two theories on what is causing the extraordinary run-up in oil prices.
This theory, that is mine, is, as follows...hhhhum (i.e. sounds of clearing throat):
1) Speculation.
Hedge funds, that are mostly unregulated, are looking for new investments given the recent collapse in the credit markets.
Commodity futures, particularly oil, are seen as a reasonable investment and a good hedge against the US currency. And to date they would have been right! This has led in an increase in volume/price for oil forward contracts. Now one way to "hedge" a forward contract if you are a seller, is to buy oil today, and store it (often by just leaving it in the well). Then deliver the oil in the future to cover the forward contract. This then drives up near-term oil prices. Higher prices for oil in the near-term generates more speculation as the Wall Street analysts’ "trend" historic prices in developing their forecasts for future oil prices and so buy more forward contracts as speculative investments.
This all comes undone when the time comes to actually liquidate the forward contracts and deliver the oil. There is no true demand there, in fact demand has gone down in response to higher prices, and when that oil hits the market, prices plummet. The bubble bursts.
Now you might think the bright chaps on Wall Street would figure this out and not do something so irrational. Think again. Did someone say "sub-prime mortgage crisis"?
BTW NPR did a great piece on the sub-prime market collapse - "The Giant Pool of Money" - you can get on-line streaming at:
https://www.thislife.org/Radio_Episode.aspx?sched=1242
Really quite a story, and very well told.
I have another Theory.
My Theory Number 2, which is also mine, is, as follows:
2) Green House Gas Reduction
OPEC employs some smart economists. Those guys have probably figured out that world governments are getting serious about global warming, and will reduce green house gas emissions and hence fossil fuel consumption either through stricter efficiency requirements, or a carbon tax.
In either case, the effect would be lower prices/demand for oil, to the determent of those same OPEC oil producers.
So they think, why not just raise (or let the market raise) the price of oil by limiting supply. Fossil fuel consumption will drop in reaction, and the targeted green house gas reductions are (in part at least) achieved without government interventions, and the oil producers capture the value (with a carbon or fuel tax, the $$ go to the taxing government). That is why I think OPEC will not respond to the recent price run-up with increased production - their incentives are otherwise.
And those are my theories. Which of course could be completely off-base, but wouldn’t be the first time.