Re: Flywheel - torque
Maybe we should back up a bit.
A flywheel cannot increase engine torque. It can only provide stored energy due to it's rotational inertia, or moment of inertia, (resistance to rotational speed changes). This is useful when engaging the clutch to get things moving, as the stored energy of the flywheel reduces the engine torque required to get things moving during clutch engagement. It momentarily increases APPARENT torque during clutch engagement.
Flywheel inertia helps smooth out the power pulses of the engine & give a smoother idle, but we aren't going there.
OTOH, this same rotational inertia resists engine speed changes such as acceleration or deceleration. A flywheel with less inertia will allow engine speed changes more quickly but at the expense of having less stored energy to get the car rolling when the clutch is first engaged. We have all observed Formula One cars & such taking off from a pit stop. Their very light, small diameter flywheels require a great deal of clutch slipping to get under way from a stop. Very little stored energy.
On to center of mass - The formula for rotational inertia is basically, inertia = a constant X mass X radius of the mass squared. You can see where the radius of the flywheel mass squared, has a far greater affect on inertia "stored energy & resistance to rotational speed change" than the overall mass of the flywheel.
Since the object of lightening a flywheel is to reduce it's inertia for quicker throttle response, material removed from the outer diameter has a far greater benefit than metal removed from nearer the center. (Much greater radius squared). To repeat, apparent torque cannot be kept the same & still have the benefit of reduced inertia.
There is no great benefit from removing mass near the center of the flywheel & it may even seriously weaken it.
D