In short, can the front disc be used in the rear, well I guess anything is possibble but no not really, remember the spridget front rotor bolts to the hub, which houses the wheel studs and the wheel stud bolt circle is actually outboard of where the hub bolts to the rotor. Winner Circle make a nice rear disc set up that uses what I heard is a Fiat 124 floating hat rotor, however it has no provisions for a parking brake and it mostly used for racing, however a mechanical operated caliper could be made up and designed to be cable operated as folks have done with some of the MGB rear disc set ups.
As for an alterante rear housing for racing, most vintage bodies and the SCCA do not allow this type of conversion. Some Spridget racers are now using hub set up off Dwarf race cars, this is a bullit proof set up as for as leaks and axle retention, but the parts flirt with a $1000 and you doing the work. As for breaking race axles, yes it does happen from time to time, most of the time it is driver induced and not a part failure. In 20+ years of racing these cars, I've only broken one racing axle and it was for sure my fault and the axle was atleast 20 years old. Some of the higher horsepower racing 1275s can actually break stock axle over time due to horsepower, but most of the time axles are broken when people do premature downshifting or go off course on bumpy terrain while under full acceleration, so in otherwords, driver error.