Even though the Czar abdicated, there was still plenty of fighting in a civil war, including a 3-way battle in the Ukraine between White Russians (Czar loyalists), Red Russians (the Bolsheviks) and Ukrainian Nationalists seeking to break away from Mother Russia. About the only thing the three sides could agree on was attacking Jewish villages, either to extort money, steal provision, or just flat out to satisfy their sadistic urges. My grandmother's village was raided on August 4, 1919 by Ukrainian Nationalists. They rounded up all the able-bodied men of military age in the village, ransomed them and then executed them even after the ransom was paid and raped and killed a number of women just because they could, a total of 192 people lost their lives that day, including my Great Uncle Mordecai. Amazingly, though, two other members of the family survived, my great-grandfather's youngest brother survived by playing possum after being struck by a sabre to the side of his head...he would have a scar on his face for the rest of his life, and his nephew, who dropped to the ground when the bullets started to fly and proceeded to roll down an embankment and into the river that flowed by the village. He floated downstream until out of danger and survived without a scratch. It was shortly after that that the remaining residents of the village decided it was time to leave and head to the United States.