I used aircraft hanger paint. This stuff is tough as nails! There is no paint that will hold up against typical jack stands, and anything will eventually wear through from metal floor jack wheels, but this is as good as I've seen.
I'm careful about dropping things or dragging metal objects around, and I've taped my floor jack wheels. In the two years I've been working in the garage the only chips in the paint are where I dropped something so big that it took a chunk out of the concrete.
The paint was manufactured by APF in Arizona. As with any painting process, preparation is critical. This paint uses a primer, then top coat. I have three top coats and it's pretty tough.
You can choose to put in sand for traction, but it makes it more difficult to clean because mops and rags get shredded. I went without sand, but the downside is that when the floor gets wet, it's really slippery. I don't let anyone in the garage with wet feet, period. I walked in from a wet driveway a while back and my feet nearly went out from under me. I stopped my fall with the jack stand in my hand and took a chunk of concrete out. Just something to keep in mind if you get a lot of rain or plan to get the floor wet at all.