Read Carroll's book and you will get the straight story about fasteners. I have a degree in mechanical engineering, and his is the only book that truly covers ALL the fastening topics thoroughly and correctly. This stuff was studied in depth over a hundred years ago, and the tech has not changed. You and I do not have the time or budget to re-learn the wheel...just go to the book!
I only use lock washers because they are what the factory used and I restore to "original" as much as possible. On my performance stuff I only use hardened, ground flat washers or nothing at all. To me, locktite is for the odd cases, where the factory ignored the rules. For example, Harley uses a million of those tiny steel bolts into aluminum casings. If you try to torque those to proper stretch, they will strip the aluminum case. Thus...lokctite! If designed properly, they would have used studs. And, speaking of studs...another use for locktite if you have a stud that is used a lot and you want to prevent the stud from spinning out of the block when removing the nut, such as our valve cover studs.
Well, I better not get going too much!!